The TRIPS agreement implementation in Brazil: patents in the pharmaceutical area

Brazil

Cover; I. CHAPTER. INTRODUCTION; II. CHAPTER. THE FRAMEWORK OF TRIPS; III. CHAPTER. THE BRAZILIAN PATENT SYSTEM; IV. CHAPTER. ANALYZING THE BRAZIL CASE; V. CHAPTER. CONCLUDING REMARKS; ANNEX: Law 9279, of May 14, 1996; Bibliography; A. Brazilian context prior to TRIPS; B. TRIPS Agreement; C. Remarks on the Applicability of TRIPS in Brazil; A. Overview; B. Patents on Pharmaceuticals; C. Provisions on Compulsory License; A. General Overview: Brazilian statistics and the public healthcare system; B. AIDS in Brazil; C. The Cases of Kaletra and Efavirenz

D. Impacts of the WTO Free Trading System on BrazilI. Books, Articles, Manuscripts and Other Documents; II. International Treaties / National Legislation; III. Cases; 1. General Principles; 2. TRIPS Provisions on Patent Law; 3. The Pharmaceutical Industry Context; 1. The Constitutional Clause; 2. General Provisions on Patentability; 3. Term of Protection and Rights Conferred by Patents; 1. The Prior Consent Requirement; 2. Second Medical Use Inventions; 1. Previous Law; 2. Provisions of Law 9279/1996; 1) Statistics; 2) The Anti-AIDS Program

1. The Panel Against the US for Cotton Subsidies2. Remarks on the Overall Pharmaceutical Scenario; 2.1. Patentable Subject Matter and Conditions on Patent Applicants; 2.2. Rights Conferred and Term of Protection; 2.3. Flexibilities within TRIPS concerning Patents; 2.4. Other Provisions; 3.1. The Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health; 3.2. The Decision Implementing Paragraph 6 of the Doha Declaration; 1.1 ) Introduction of Article 229-C in the Patent Statute and Competence of the ANVISA

2.1 ) INPI Examination Guidelines, ANVISA Policies and Debates on New Examination Guidelines2.2 ) Discussions in Congress and Court Decisions; 2.3 ) Further Remarks; 2.1 ) Abuse of Economic Power and Lack of Local Exploitation; 2.2 ) Dependent Patents; 2.3 ) Procedural Aspects; 2.4 ) Cases of National Emergency or Public Interest; 1.1. Cross-retaliation on IP rights; 1.2. Ongoing Discussions; 2.3.1. Rules on Implementation and Protection of Existing Subject Matter; 2.3.2. Exclusions from Patentable Subject Matter; 2.3.3. Exhaustion and Parallel Importation

2.3.4. General Exception Rules2.3.5. Compulsory Licenses; 2.1.1 ) Abusive Exercise of Rights or Abuse of Economic Power; 2.1.2 ) Insufficient or Non-Exploitation in Brazilian Territory; 2.1.3 ) Economic Capacity of the Licensee and the Importation Exception; 2.1.2.1 ) Analysis under TRIPS; 2.1.2.2 ) The Panel filed by the USA before the WTO