Wealth creation without pollution: designing for industry, ecobusiness parks and industrial estates

The development of eco-industrial parks and associated 'ecological industry' concepts offer progressive integrated approaches to resolve pollution problems from effluents and wastes of all kinds. Most industry however is now located in business parks and industrial estates, with relatively few industries having direct discharges of process effluents to the water environment. But that does not mean no pollution. Many of these estates are very large, with many companies of all kinds spread over extensive areas. All have surface water drainage and stormwater runoff is often contaminated by many diffuse sources. Wealth Creation without Pollution is the culmination of several years of deliberations by academics and regulators, engaging with industrial and commercial sectors to characterise and quantify environmental problems and identify best practice solutions. Equally important have been efforts to explore sufficiently flexible regulatory regimes that offer effective means to prevent pollution and achieve good working environments in which industry and commerce can flourish. This book explores how modern industries are striving towards more sustainable practices, with case studies of impacts and of greener industry practices, as well as philosophical and policy papers. The role of regulators, planners and government in fostering a greener industrial base is also examined. Wealth Creation without Pollution is a valuable text book for environmental science and engineering students, and a useful resource for industrial architects, developers and practitioners.

Cover -- Copyright -- Contents -- Sponsors -- List of Chemical Symbols and Standard Acronyms -- General Guide to Technical Acronyms -- Preface -- Foreword from Vince Cable -- Foreword from South Korea -- Chapter 1: Industrial pollution and the water environment: a historical perspective -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Industrial Effluent Discharges -- 1.2.1 Industrial effluents -- 1.2.2 Mining industry -- 1.2.3 Effluent impacts case study: The River Mersey Bird Mortality -- 1.3 Industrial Complexes - Point Source and Diffuse Pollution -- 1.3.1 Drainage from industrial districts -- 1.3.2 Major accidents and other industrial incidents -- 1.4 Diffuse Sources of Pollution -- 1.4.1 Diffuse pollution at point of manufacture or processing -- 1.4.2 Industrial products causing pollution at point of use -- 1.5 Discussion -- 1.6 Conclusions -- 1.7 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 2: Accidents and pollution: industry impacts -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Catastrophic Episodes -- 2.2.1 Seveso, Italy -- 2.2.2 Bhopal, India -- 2.2.3 Sweizerhalle, Switzerland - the Rhine Incident -- 2.2.4 Tianjin, China -- 2.3 Chronic Pollution Impacts -- 2.3.1 Hinkley, California -- 2.3.2 Love Canal, USA -- 2.3.3 Minamata and Niigata, Japan -- 2.3.4 Toyama Prefecture, Japan -- 2.4 Discussion -- 2.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: Industrial estates as sources of water pollution -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1 Definitions -- 3.1.2 Pollution sources and importance -- 3.2 Case Study (1) NW England & -- Wales -- 3.2.1 Sources and pathways - Industrial estate surveys in Merseyside -- 3.2.2 Deepols - potable water supplies at risk -- 3.3 Case Study (2) Daegu, Korea -- 3.4 Discussion -- 3.4.1 Oil -- 3.4.2 Seasonality and diffuse pollution characteristics -- 3.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Risk assessments - trader activities and water pollution -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Trader Activities and Pollution Risks -- 4.2.1 Activities and pollution risks - desktop study -- 4.2.2 Prioritisation of risk areas -- 4.2.3 Verification through site visits -- 4.3 Normalisation of Risks -- 4.4 Derived Site Management Responses for the Identified Residual Risks -- 4.4.1 Surface Water Action Plan -- 4.4.2 SUDS retrofit measures -- 4.5 Relative Contribution to Wider Catchment Pollution -- 4.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Green industry concept and practices -- 5.1 Sustainable Development Goals and Sustainable Industry -- 5.2 Green Industry Concept -- 5.3 Green Industry Practices -- 5.3.1 Environmental accounting (EA) -- 5.3.2 Eco-industrial park (EIP) -- 5.3.2.1 Planning the new industrial park -- 5.3.2.2 Transforming existing industrial parks -- 5.3.3 Stormwater management -- 5.4 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: The restructuring of industrial estates in the Netherlands: The use of a new decision support model for a process analysis of the inner harbor area of Enschede -- 6.1 A Major Challenge for Society -- 6.2 A 'Real Life' Example: Restructuring of an Industrial Estate in the Harbor of the City of Enschede -- 6.2.1 A brief introduction to the city and the industrial estate -- 6.2.2 A growing sense of a need to act, and the first restructuring activities -- 6.2.3 Lack of progress and desired results -- 6.3 Developing an Overview and an Understanding: A Question-Based Process Decision Support Model -- 6.3.1 Complex decision-making taking place in arenas -- 6.3.2 A process model for supporting practitioners in their decision-making -- 6.4 The Application of the Decision Support Model to the Inner Harbor Area of Enschede -- 6.4.1 Initial design should focus on interests and involvement of actors -- 6.4.2 Outcomes of the first session: Rich information, but lack of completeness and overview.

6.4.3 Bridging the sessions: Redesign according to need -- 6.4.4 Outcomes of the second session: Commitment remains the key issue -- 6.4.5 Bridging the sessions: Addressing changed priorities -- 6.4.6 Final outcomes -- 6.5 Lessons Learned -- 6.5.1 1st lesson learned: Focus on motives, and do not forget the impact of a 'common history' -- 6.5.2 2nd lesson learned: Balance the need for progress and the need for open discussion -- 6.5.3 3rd lesson learned: Use time-pressure as an incentive for efficiency and to-the-point outcomes -- 6.5.4 4th lesson learned: Combining the roles of researcher and moderator: effective, but not without risks -- 6.5.5 5th lesson learned: Adapt decision-support to fit the specific situation -- 6.6 Some Brief Reflections on Future Needs for a More Sustainable Development of Industrial Estates -- References -- Chapter 7: Eco-innovation opportunities in the waste management sector in Scotland -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.1.1 About industrial symbiosis -- 7.1.2 The eco-industrial park concept -- 7.2 Case Study: Industrial Symbiosis and Eco-Park Development in East Scotland -- 7.2.1 Background to ACE eco-partnerships -- 7.2.2 Scoping for retrofit EIP development potential on existing industrial estates -- 7.2.3 Scoping for potential EIP on new sites, or single tenant sites -- 7.2.3.1 Site A -- 7.2.3.2 Site B -- 7.2.3.3 Site C -- 7.2.3.4 Summary -- 7.3 Discussion -- 7.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Green industrial park practice: A case study of green infrastructure in Wenling, China -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Background -- 8.2.1 Water shortage - the bottleneck for the development of Wenling new district -- 8.3 A Solution - Green Stormwater Infrastructure -- 8.3.1 Detention facilities -- 8.3.2 Bioretention -- 8.3.3 Rainwater harvesting -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References.

Chapter 9: Drainage infrastructure for industrial and commercial premises, estates and business parks -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Sustainable Drainage Technology -- 9.2.1 Bringing various objectives into a single technology -- 9.2.2 SUDS in relation to industrial estates -- 9.2.3 Example SUDS features -- 9.2.3.1 Grass filter strips -- 9.2.3.1.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.1.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.2 Grass swales as source control measures -- 9.2.3.2.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.2.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.3 Grass swales as conveyance features -- 9.2.3.3.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.3.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.4 Bioretention -- 9.2.3.4.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.4.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.5 Green roofs -- 9.2.3.5.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.5.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.6 Green walls -- 9.2.3.6.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.6.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.7 Pervious pavements -- 9.2.3.7.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.7.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.8 Filter drains -- 9.2.3.8.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.8.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.9 Extended detention basins -- 9.2.3.9.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.9.2 Disadvantages -- 9.2.3.10 Retention ponds and stormwater wetlands -- 9.2.3.10.1 Advantages -- 9.2.3.10.2 Disadvantages -- 9.3 Other Drainage Features -- 9.3.1 Inspection chambers -- 9.3.2 Silt traps and oil interceptors -- 9.3.3 Packaged filtration units and vortex separators -- 9.4 Infrastructure Strategy -- 9.4.1 Water quality and pollution risks for industrial premises and estates -- 9.4.2 Spatial application of SUDS -- 9.4.2.1 At source and on site -- 9.4.2.2 Conveyance swales or drains -- 9.4.2.3 Regional (whole estate) features -- 9.4.3 Treatment capability -- 9.5 Discussion -- 9.5.1 Treatment trains -- 9.5.2 Compromise or lateral thinking -- 9.5.3 Technology development for managing design and construction risks -- 9.5.4 Catchment initiatives and retrofits -- 9.6 Conclusions -- 9.7 Acknowledgements -- References.

Chapter 10: Low impact development features: hydrological and environmental effects -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Low Impact Development (LID) -- 10.2.1 Principles and goals -- 10.2.2 Integrated management practices (IMPs) for LID -- 10.2.3 Sizing criteria of LID facility -- 10.2.3.1 Water quality volume (WQV) -- 10.2.3.2 Water quality flow (WQF) -- 10.2.3.3 Groundwater recharge volume (GRV) -- 10.2.4 Pretreatment and sediment control -- 10.2.4.1 Pretreatment considerations: -- 10.3 Hydrological and Environmental Effects -- 10.3.1 Changes of water quality and runoff flow after LID application -- 10.3.2 Effect on the volume reduction after LID application -- 10.3.3 Effect on the pollutant reduction after LID application -- 10.3.4 Ancillary effects and benefits of LID application -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: The application of sustainable drainage technology: challenges and solutions -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Three European Case Studies -- 11.3 Engineering Considerations -- 11.3.1 J4M8 Distribution park, near Bathgate, West Lothian -- 11.3.1.1 Objectives and challenges -- 11.3.1.2 Added value and benefits -- 11.3.1.3 Solutions -- 11.3.2 Dunfermline east expansion site, Dunfermline, Scotland UK -- 11.3.2.1 Objectives and challenges -- 11.3.2.2 Added value and benefits -- 11.3.2.3 Solutions -- 11.3.3 Hoppegarten industrial estate, near Berlin, Germany -- 11.3.3.1 Objectives and challenges -- 11.3.3.2 Added value and benefits -- 11.3.3.3 Solutions -- 11.4 Discussion -- 11.4.1 Biodiversity or simply effective drainage -- 11.4.2 Keeping to a strategic plan -- 11.4.3 Risks of failures on early application of new ideas -- 11.4.4 Multiple benefits from the SUDS features -- 11.4.4.1 Innovation -- 11.5 Conclusions -- References -- Appendix: Photographs of the Three Case Study Sites.